In majoritatea cazurilor este necesara spitalizarea. Tratamentul etiologic include antibioterapie: in meningite se administreaza antibiotice de tipul cefalosporineilor, cu buna permeabilitate in LCR (Ceftriaxona) in timp ce in infectii mai usoare se poate administra ampicilina, biseptol, cefaclor. Durata tratamentului este intre 1 si 2 saptamani. Administrarea antiinflamatoarelor steroidiene (glucocorticoizi) poate fi necesara.
Epiglotita constituie o urgenta medicala care necesita sustinerea functiei respiratorii.
Imunizarea activa este singura modalitate profilactica eficienta. Inainte de introducerea vaccinului anti Hib, boala Hib invaziva a avut la nivel mondial o incidenta similara cu poliomielita. In anii 1990, incidenta a scazut remarcabil.
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